Kev Lag Luam Hauv Is Taws Nem, raws li tus qauv kev lag luam tawm tshiab thiab daim ntawv thov cov qauv tsim los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm - tiam tshiab cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis nrog kev lag luam kev lag luam, ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam kev lag luam kom ua tiav cov kev hloov pauv digital. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau yam kev daws teeb meem tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab raws li cov yam ntxwv tsim khoom thiab cov ntsiab lus mob ntawm cov lag luam tseem ceeb. Piv txwv suav nrog kev sib koom tes ntawm cov khoom siv hauv high- cov khoom siv kawg, kev ua haujlwm nyob deb thiab kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej loj, kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev txo qis hauv kev lag luam steel, thiab kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv petrochemical sector. Cov kev daws teeb meem no txhawb nqa kev lag luam hauv Is Taws Nem kev sib sau ua ke thiab nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig, tsav cov kev hloov pauv digital ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab xa cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kom zoo, txo nqi, thiab nce kev ua tau zoo.
Kev lag luam hauv Internet muaj peev xwm rau kev sib sau ua ke, sib koom ua ke, khaws cia, ua, suav, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv loj heev, ua rau cov tuam txhab tsim kev sib koom ua ke, puv - lub neej ua haujlwm tswj cov ntaub ntawv platforms. Ntau lub platform-txog technologies tab tom ua txuas ntxiv mus thiab nce qib (xws li, microservice Cheebtsam, ntim, batch data processing, kwj ua). Cov thev naus laus zis no txhawb nqa peb kom ua tau zoo hauv - kev tsom xam qhov tob ntawm ntau yam, cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam loj heev thaum ua kom cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam, kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab software, thiab kev xa tawm sai ntawm cov ntawv thov tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, peb lees paub tias cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no qhib - cov thev naus laus zis yog cov cuab yeej siv los pab cov tuam txhab ua tiav kev tsim khoom ntse- tsis yog lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm nws tus kheej. Siv cov platforms zoo li no, cov tuam txhab loj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tsim khoom thoob plaws tag nrho cov peev txheej tsim khoom, txhim kho tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab thaum kawg ua tiav kev ua neej nyob -kev ua kom zoo tshaj tus nqi dav. Piv txwv li, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) Group leverages nws panoramic digital command center rau centrally saib xyuas thiab optimize cov cuab tam thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm 14 lub tuam txhab khiav hauj lwm los ntawm nws lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm. Los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem xws li kev saib xyuas kev kwv yees thiab kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nws tau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tsim nyog muaj nqis txog $ 60 lab txog $ 100 lab rau cov pab pawg (muab cov roj thiab roj cov txiaj ntsig saw optimization daws teeb meem, kev sib koom ua ke cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ua haujlwm, thiab ua kom cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev ua haujlwm rov qab).
Kev Lag Luam Hauv Is Taws Nem muaj ntau cov kev daws teeb meem hauv cov xwm txheej xws li kev pabcuam txuas ntxiv, kev sib koom tes sib koom tes, thiab kev hloov kho tus kheej los ntawm kev sib txuas cov lag luam, cov neeg siv khoom, thiab cov khoom lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem nyob rau theem tshawb nrhiav rau cov xwm txheej tsim khoom ntse, thiab cov tuam txhab tseem ntsib cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom.
Cov kev sib tw ntsib niaj hnub no Kev Tsim Khoom Lag Luam
Kev Sib Tw Kev Lag Luam: Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev lag luam tsis paub tseeb yog ua rau cov tuam txhab tsim kho sai sai kom hloov kho kom haum rau ntau zaus thiab nrawm dua -kev ua lag luam xav tau thaum taug kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob. Cov qauv no yog yuam kom cov tuam txhab xav rov xav txog lawv txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm: lawv yuav tsum tsis tu ncua tso cov khoom tshiab thaum txo cov khoom siv khoom siv, ncua sij hawm tsim cov khoom tshiab, thiab lub sijhawm- mus rau- kev ua lag luam. Lawv yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev xav tau- tsav tsheb, cov saw hlau xa khoom- kev sib koom ua lag luam kev ua lag luam ua qauv zoo thiab cov tshuab tsim tau yooj yim xws li loj- nplai sib xyaw- kab ntau lawm- tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom lag luam.
Human Resources thiab Knowledge Retention Challenges: Raws li cov neeg laus cov neeg ua haujlwm so haujlwm, cov kev txawj ntse uas lawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev saib xyuas yuav raug poob. Cov tuam txhab lag luam ntsib cov teeb meem tseem ceeb los ntawm kev hloov cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov tiam tshiab ntawm cov neeg hauv zos xav kom muaj kev paub txog kev lag luam automation yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov tshuab uas lawv siv, thaum cov txuj ci OT ib txwm muaj tsawg zuj zus.
Cov Kev Sib Tw Hauv Tag Nrho Cov Nqi thiab Kev Ua Raws Cai: Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhim kho thiab txo cov nqi rau kev tsim kho tshiab thiab cov nuj nqis ua haujlwm thaum ua raws li cov kev cai lij choj tiv thaiv ib puag ncig hauv tebchaws thiab cov kev cai kom muaj kev loj hlob ruaj khov.
Cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam vam tias Kev Lag Luam 4.0 thiab Industrial Internet thev naus laus zis yuav pab lawv daws cov teeb meem tshiab no. Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev lag luam kwv yees tias hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua, tom ntej no - cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm tuaj yeem txhawb kev tsim khoom lag luam los ntawm 30%. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tseem qhia tau tias 60% ntawm cov tuam txhab tsis ua tiav lawv cov haujlwm tshaj li theem kev sim. Cov txiaj ntsig no tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm, txheej txheem, thiab thev naus laus zis. Ntawm cov thev naus laus zis pem hauv ntej, cov tuam ntxhab feem ntau tawm tsam kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua los ntawm cov kev tsim kho tshiab no, feem ntau vim tias lawv cov chaw ua haujlwm cog qoob loo tseem raug kaw, kev teeb tsa muaj tswv. Txij li thaum xyoo 1970s, thaum DCS thiab PLC systems nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam automation, cov txheej txheem tsim tau hloov zuj zus. Txog niaj hnub no, kev ua lag luam tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig kho vajtse-software bundling qauv, nrog rau txhua qhov kev siv hluav taws xob thiab cov ntaub ntawv muag khoom tsim nws tus kheej software ecosystem. Qhov no yuam cov neeg siv kom tswj tau ntau yam OT thiab IT systems, txhawb kev vam khom siab rau cov neeg muag khoom.
Tam sim no Bottlenecks ntawm Edge ntawm Industrial Internet
Tsis yog-Digital Architecture- Feem ntau cov tshuab automation niaj hnub no tau ua kom zoo rau qhov tiag- lub sijhawm tswj tab sis ua tsis tau raws li cov thev naus laus zis nrawm nrawm uas tshwm sim los ntawm IT sau. Cov kev txiav no -ntev cov thev naus laus zis- suav nrog kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, kev txawj ntse / kev kawm tshuab, khoom siv-txoj kev taw qhia, thiab kev pabcuam-cov qauv taw qhia- yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav kev tsim khoom ntse.
Kho vajtse-Centric Business Models-Txawm hais tias kev txhim kho kho vajtse tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov chaw tswj hwm uas twb muaj lawm, lawv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev hloov pauv digital. Cov ntsiab lus tseeb yog nyob rau hauv software- tsav kev tsim kho tshiab uas ntse daws cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi lag luam tau hloov pauv tsis tu ncua los ntawm kho vajtse- tsav mus rau software- cov qauv tsav.
Kev txwv ntawm Proprietary Systems-Tam sim no, automation daim ntawv thov tsim rau ib lub cev tsis tuaj yeem khiav ntawm lwm qhov. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau xyoo dhau los hauv IT, qhib kev ua haujlwm zoo li Linux tau txhawb nqa thib peb -kev txhim kho daim ntawv thov, ua kom muaj kev nthuav dav hauv ecosystem sai thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam nplua nuj uas ua tau raws li kev lag luam xav tau thoob plaws ntau lub lag luam thiab kev lag luam. Tu siab heev, cov txheej txheem tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam tsim teeb meem rau kev tsim kho tshiab: cov neeg siv tsis tuaj yeem raug nqi tsim nyog- txhim kho cov tshuab tsim khoom lossis kev sib koom ua ke thiab ua kom zoo tshaj plaws - hauv - cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov chaw muag khoom sib txawv. Lawv qhov kev hloov pauv hloov tshiab yog txwv los ntawm lawv qhov kev cia siab rau cov neeg muag khoom tsim khoom. Cov teeb meem no thaum kawg nce tag nrho cov nqi lag luam.
Rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom qub (OEMs), qhov kev sib tw yog nyob rau hauv kev sib npaug ob qhov tseem ceeb: leveraging virtual debugging peev xwm thaum lub sij hawm tsim qauv los txuas rau lub ntiaj teb virtual thiab lub cev -yog li txo cov nqi, txo cov kev pheej hmoo, thiab nrawm lub sij hawm-rau-kev ua lag luam{3}}thaum ib txhij txhawb kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev pab cuam tsav tsheb {{4}.
Cov neeg sib koom ua ke (SIs) ntsib qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb: automation systems tsis muaj cov cuab yeej txuas IT thiab OT domains. Thaum kawg, lawv pom lawv tus kheej yuam kom nqis peev pab tib neeg hauv kev tsim cov kev daws teeb meem nyuaj heev. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov kev pabcuam bespoke no nyuaj rau kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev ua lag luam. Lawv nrhiav software ua haujlwm blocks uas tiv thaiv lawv cov kev paub txog kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam- cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb, yog li txo qis - tus nqi tsim khoom siv zog (los ntawm kev rov siv cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheem hla ntau qhov haujlwm). Qhov no tso cai rau lawv cov kws paub txog kev mob siab rau kev daws teeb meem cov ntsiab lus thiab cov teeb meem hauv Kev Tsim Khoom, Kev Ua Haujlwm, thiab Kev Saib Xyuas (MOM) cov txheej txheem, thaum kawg tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua.
Ntawm qhov kawg -neeg siv (EU) sab, hais txog cov kev cov nyom no sai sai yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm kom txo qis lub sijhawm tsis tau npaj tseg, ua kom cov khoom xa tuaj thaum lub caij nyoog siab thiab txo qis kev cia siab rau kev txhawb nqa sab nraud. Muaj lub siab xav rau cov tshuab hloov tau yooj yim / cov kab tsim khoom kom ntseeg tau tias kev tsim khoom muaj zog, ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua thaum xav tau hloov lossis hloov kho cov sijhawm hloov.
Kev daws cov teeb meem no tau zoo thiab tsim kom muaj "software-txhais tau tias muaj kev lag luam" digital industrial ecosystem yuav tsum tau daws cov kev kaw OT, cov qauv, thiab cov teeb meem ecosystem ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem qhib automation thiab cov qauv thaum sib koom ua ke cov peev txheej ntxiv los ua kom IT -OT convergence.
Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Open Automation Systems
Yav tom ntej automation system architectures yuav inevitably hloov zuj zus mus rau kev qhib siab, faib kev xa tawm, thiab kev ruaj ntseg hauv qhov qub. Industrial automation technology thiab ntug xam ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov qhib tshuab no. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom qub, qhib automation architectures yuav nthuav tawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab no:
Nws yog pov thawj tias qhib automation architectures leeb engineering txoj kev loj hlob, txhim khu kev agility, ntau lawm yooj, thiab tag nrho cov efficiency. Qhov kev hloov pauv no sawv cev ntau dua li kev txhim kho kev txawj ntse- nws txhais tau li cas cov txheej txheem thiab tshuab tau tsim. Ntev-lub sij hawm, qis- qhov kev pab cuam tus nqi rau cov tswj hwm yuav hloov mus rau ntsaws-thiab- ua si automation systems. Cov kab ke no yuav ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo software ua haujlwm blocks tsim los ntawm cov ecosystem loj. Lawv yuav khiav hla cov khoom siv sib txawv los ntawm ntau tus neeg muag khoom- ncua kev tswj cov kab ke mus rau cov cuab yeej txawj ntse ntse.
Cov qauv qhib yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuab qhib automation, thiab IEC 61499 yog tus qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhib lub tebchaws tshiab no. Los ntawm kev txhais cov khoom- cov kev cai ua qauv qhia, nws encapsulates cov qauv tswj thiab algorithms ntawm cov khoom tswj rau hauv "black boxes" (software function blocks). Cov ntawv pov thawj muaj nuj nqi no tuaj yeem rov qab siv dua thoob plaws cov xwm txheej sib txawv, txo qis kev siv zog rov ua dua. Rau cov neeg siv, nws txaus los nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm tau muab yam tsis tas yuav tsum paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv, yog li tiv thaiv cov neeg tsim khoom 'cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Tsis zoo li cov kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, cov uas tau hais los ntawm tus qauv no ua haujlwm raws li qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim es tsis yog kev kuaj xyuas cyclic. Qhov no ua raws li cov khoom siv -cov ntsiab lus taw qhia thiab cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm hauv IT domain, ua rau nws yog IT / OT convergence technology. Nws pab txhawb kev txhim kho kev tswj hwm CPU kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib npaug ntawm kev thauj khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov kab ke sib faib, thiab ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm IT technologies siab heev rau hauv automation systems. Tus qauv qhia ntxiv cov cai rau daim ntawv thov qauv, qauv qauv, thiab cov qauv khoom siv / cov peev txheej. Lawv kev koom ua ke ua rau cov neeg siv tsim cov ntawv thov ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm cov khoom siv automation hauv qab. Qhov kev kho vajtse abstraction mus kom ze ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv luv thiab txo qis kev vam khom rau cov khoom lag luam. Ua ke nrog cov khoom- taw qhia kev txhim kho ntawm cov haujlwm thaiv, nws ua kom yooj yim hloov hauv online rau cov kab ntau lawm thiab khoom siv. Lawm, tus qauv tseem muab txoj hauv kev los tsim cov txheej txheem yooj yim rau hauv cov blocks sib xyaw thiab kom nrawm txuas cov haujlwm sib txawv (los ntawm kev rub yooj yim-thiab-poob), txo qis software programming debugging workload thiab program yuam kev tus nqi. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev ua tiav cov cuab yeej sib cuam tshuam, kev txhim kho qhov system, thiab software portability yog nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Cov koom haum xws li Open Process Automation Forum (OPAF) thiab International Association of Process Industry Automation Users (NAMUR), uas tam sim no tau coj los ntawm qhov kawg- kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg siv, tab tom tawm tswv yim rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua lag luam automation uas twb muaj lawm raws li tus qauv no - cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev nrhiav no.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntug kev siv thev naus laus zis kuj tau ntsib kev txhim kho sai. Thawv thev naus laus zis muab txoj hauv kev zoo rau batch hloov kho / hloov kho cov ntawv thov rau kev tswj hwm ntug thiab ua kom cov ntaub ntawv xa mus raws sijhawm thiab ua tiav. Thawv technologies, feem ntau Docker, thiab thawv orchestration cov cuab yeej zoo li Kubernetes tam sim no maturing. Microservices architecture txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev siv cov peev txheej ntawm ntug, txhawb kev ua haujlwm kom zoo thiab rov siv dua, ua kom cov ntawv thov txhim kho, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis. Cov qauv zoo li OPC UA thiab Sijhawm-Sensitive Networking (TSN) muab cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev txiav txim siab sib txuas rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, ua tau raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv thiab kev sib pauv hloov hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tom ntej no - cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm thiab kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis nrog IEC 61499 tus qauv thev naus laus zis yuav ua kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev qhib automation. Qhov kev qhib siab no txuas ntxiv tsis yog rau cov qauv nkaus xwb tab sis kuj rau kev sib txuas lus, kho vajtse, software, thiab kev tsim qauv tsim, tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev ua tiav digitalization, kev sib txuas lus, thiab kev txawj ntse hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev cob qhia.
Qhib automation yuav tsav txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm Kev Lag Luam Hauv Is Taws Nem, thaum kawg hais txog cov ntsiab lus mob rau cov neeg siv kawg, kev sib koom ua ke, thiab OEMs. Txoj hauv kev no ua tiav cov khoom tsim tau yooj yim, ua kom lub sijhawm luv luv - mus rau - kev ua lag luam, txo lub sijhawm thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim khoom, thiab tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej kev txawj ntse. Tseeb tiag, kev tshawb fawb sib piv tsis ntev los no los ntawm tus thib peb thoob ntiaj teb- tog tuam txhab hais txog qhov ua tau zoo: Txhawm rau ua kom tiav ib qho me me - nplai automation project (cov haujlwm suav nrog kev tsim cov ntawv thov, import cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam, tsim cov logic, teeb tsa cov cuab yeej, tsim HMIs, thiab siv qhov project), cov cuab yeej siv 40 xuaj moos. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, siv ib tug qhib automation system txo lub sij hawm no los ntawm 68%. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov system nrawm, cov tswj hwm tau hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov tswj hwm tshiab tau teeb tsa rau cov khoom qub. Cov kev ua haujlwm no tau ua pov thawj cumbersome nrog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, thaum qhib automation systems tau tua lawv 70% mus rau 80% sai dua.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, seb yav tom ntej Industrial Internet tuaj yeem kov yeej cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tam sim no thiab ntxiv mus rau kev hloov pauv digital ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam hauv qhov tob thiab dav nyob ntawm kev tsim kom muaj qhov qhib automation system tsim los ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab, architectures, thiab cov qauv. Ib txwm kho vajtse-centric proprietary systems yuav raug hloov los ntawm software-centric qhib systems. Ntau cov thev naus laus zis huab yuav raug siv rau kev suav hauv ntug, ua kom muaj lub pas dej loj ntawm IT txuj ci los sib koom ua ke nrog kev paub txog kev lag luam hauv lub hauv paus qhib no. Peb tuaj yeem pom tau tias Kev Lag Luam Hauv Is Taws Nem yuav txhim kho txoj hauv kev noj qab haus huv, kev nyab xeeb rau pem hauv ntej los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem qhib no.