I. Kev Taw Qhia
Industrial Control Systems (ICS), raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub tsim khoom, tau sib cuam tshuam nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam automation. Nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev siv computer txuas ntxiv, kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis, thiab kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tau dhau los ua qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tau pom dua, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, txo nqi, thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb rau kev tsim khoom. Daim ntawv no yuav muab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam.
II. Txhais ntawm Industrial Control Systems
Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam yog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm kev lag luam uas tsim los ntawm ntau yam kev tswj hwm automation thiab cov txheej txheem tswj cov txheej txheem uas sau thiab saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tiag - lub sijhawm, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg, tswj cov txheej txheem, thiab saib xyuas kev lag luam. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Ntaub Ntawv (SCADA), Cov Txheej Txheem Tshaj Tawm (DCS), Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), Cov Chaw Taws Teeb Nruab Nrab (RTU), Tib Neeg -Machine Interface (HMI) cov cuab yeej, thiab cov thev naus laus zis sib cuam tshuam uas ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov khoom siv no.
III. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Industrial Control Systems
Kev ntseeg siab
Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam xav tau qib siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Kev tsim, kev tsim kho, commissioning, thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm lub system yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ruaj khov. Hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, cov tshuab tswj kev lag luam feem ntau siv cov qauv tsim tsis raug, txhaum- thev naus laus zis, thiab tus kheej- kev kuaj mob ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho kev ntseeg tau. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam xws li roj av thiab tshuaj, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam yuav tsum ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm ntev, vim tias qhov tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj. Yog li ntawd, kev ntseeg siab yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam.
Tiag -Lub Sijhawm Muaj Peev Xwm
Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam yuav tsum tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tam sim ntawd thiab teb raws sijhawm. Lub kaw lus yuav tsum muaj qhov siab tiag tiag - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab cov lus teb ceev kom daws tau ntau yam kev hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Thaum lub sij hawm tswj cov txheej txheem, kev ncua sij hawm yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis tau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim systems, thaum ib tug kab sib chaws tsis ua hauj lwm tshwm sim, lub industrial tswj system yuav tsum ceev nrooj cais qhov txhaum taw tes thiab rov ua hauj lwm ib tug kab sib chaws. Yog li ntawd, tiag tiag- lub sijhawm muaj peev xwm yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam.
Cov khoom siv complexity thiab muaj zog coupling ntawm cov khoom
Cov kab ntau lawm yog ib qho kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas uas muaj ntau yam khoom siv kho qhov muag, electromagnetic, kub, thiab av noo sensors, nrog rau cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej tswj xyuas, cov cuab yeej saib xyuas, thiab cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev. Cov khoom siv no muaj kev sib tshuam heev, nrog kev sib txuas tseem ceeb ntawm cov modules. Nws yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom siv los yuav cov khoom sib cais thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm lawv tus kheej; Hloov chaw, lawv feem ntau yog muab los ntawm ib qho kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho chaw tsim khoom. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev daws teeb meem ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev ruaj ntseg.
Kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam-Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb
Vim muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev siv tshuab thiab tsis muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom lag luam loj, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv. Qhov no tsim nyog tias kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tag nrho suav nrog qhov sib txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lag luam- cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thaum tsim thiab siv. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam yuav tsum muaj qib siab ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev hloov kho kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam.
Diversity of Network Protocols
Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem IT ib txwm siv uas siv cov qauv kev sib txuas lus (xws li TCP / IP), kev tswj hwm kev lag luam siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, suav nrog MODBUS, DNP3, PROFINET, ControlNet, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem no tau tsim thiab siv nrog kev txiav txim siab tag nrho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig kev lag luam, xws li kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, kev cia siab, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam yuav tsum sib haum nrog thiab muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa ntau yam kev cai hauv network.
Kev tsim khoom lag luam txuas ntxiv
Txij li kev tsim khoom lag luam suav nrog lub teb chaws kev tsim kho vaj tse xws li roj av, hlau smelting, tsim hluav taws xob, kev txuag dej, aviation, thiab tsheb thauj mus los, nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tib neeg txoj kev ua neej. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub tshuab tswj kev lag luam tau qhib, nws tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tau yooj yim. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom tsis txaus, thiab kev cuam tshuam hauv cov kev pabcuam pej xeem, ua rau pej xeem ntshai. Qhov no tsim nyog tias kev tswj hwm kev lag luam muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab, nrog rau kev rov qab ua txhaum thiab kev ua txhaum - muaj peev xwm ua siab ntev.
IV. Xaus
Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam ua lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom vim tias lawv muaj kev ntseeg siab, tiag tiag - lub sijhawm muaj peev xwm, cov khoom siv tsis yooj yim, muaj zog sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, kev lag luam- cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas, thiab kev xav tau rau kev tsim khoom txuas ntxiv mus. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev siv tshuab computer, kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis, thiab kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau qib siab dua, ua kom yooj yim dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim khoom lag luam.