Nrog rau kev tuaj txog ntawm cov ntse ERA, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev thov ntawm ntau cov sensors tau ntau zuj zus. Ntse cov ntsiab lus tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj ua cov peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam thiab muaj peev xwm muab ntau zog.
Daim ntawv no nthuav qhia cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm cov ntsuas kub feem ntau, cov peev txheej hauv kev lag luam thiab lawv cov kev paub tshiab (IT), Robotics, lwm yam, thiab zoo saib rau yav tom ntej kev txhim kho yav tom ntej qauv ntawm cov sensors.
Ntse sensor (ntse sensor) yog hais txog lub sensor nrog cov ntaub ntawv nrhiav tau, cov ntaub ntawv kev nco, ntsuas kev xav thiab kev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm.
Txheeb ze rau cov ib txwm sensors uas tsuas yog muab analog voltage cov cim uas ua rau muaj kev ntsuas lub cev, cov ntaub ntawv kev nkag siab, kev sib txuas lus hauv ib qho, thiab tuaj yeem muab cov kev paub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm hauv daim foos digital.
Txij li NASA (NASA) tau thov cov tswvyim ntawm cov kev txhim kho ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm sensor thev naus laus zis, cov kev tshawb nrhiav lub peev xwm thev naus laus zis.
Tsav los ntawm cov ntse tam sim no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov sensors tau dhau los ua qhov "ua hauv Suav 2025", Kaus Lim Tebchaws, Seefee, Singapore, thiab lwm yam Cov. Los txhawb lub nroog ntse thiab lwm cov tswv yim los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb (IT lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Kev ua haujlwm siab, muaj kev txhim khu kev qha ntau heev, ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj cua sib xyaw ua ke nrog kev xav, kev txawj ntse thiab nws cov kev loj hlob thiab nrawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm maj.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm CMOS-compibe Technology, kev txhim kho tej yam me me Sensors tau txais kev lag luam kev lag luam muaj zog, kev lag luam ntse ntse heev.
Daim ntawv no sau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov ntse sensor thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv, thiab ua rau pom kev txhim kho yav tom ntej.
1 nplua nuj thiab ntau yam ntse sensors uas
Txhawm rau kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm ntau daim ntawv thov neeg ntse, cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, cov sensors, cov sensors, cov sensors siab, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors, ultrasonic sensors thiab li ntawd.
Ntawm lawv, cov sensors hauv qab no yog feem ntau siv.
Ib puag ncig cov sensors, feem ntau yog roj sensors, barometric siab sensors, kub sensors, cov av noo thiab lwm yam.Cov roj ntsha siv tau tuaj yeem siv rau cov tshuaj ntxuav huab cua, deti ntawm formaldehyde thiab lwm yam roj lom, kom paub cov roj av hauv tsev. Raws li cov neeg ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov teeb meem ib puag ncig, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib puag ncig cov sensors yog dhau los ua ntau dua thiab muaj ntau dua, thiab muaj ntau chav rau kev txhim kho yav tom ntej.
Inertial sensors, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom hnav, xws li ntse ntse, ntse saib, VR kaus mom hlau thiab lwm yam.Lub inertial sensor yog siv los kuaj xyuas cov kev taug qab thiab paub txog kev txav mus los, qhia tus nqi ntawm kev tawm dag zog, cov calories tau noj thiab muaj kev tawm dag zog nyob rau hnub ntawd.
Sib nqus sensors, uas yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv yim neeg, xws li cov khoom siv kas fes, cua txias, tshuab cua txias, yog siv los tshawb xyuas seb lub kaum ntse ntse tau ua tiav, thiab feem ntau yog tso tawm ntawm lub dashboard. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tswv yim sib nqus tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov hlau nplaum thiab cov hlau nplaum, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov neeg hlau kuj xav tau kev sib nqus cov sensors rau kev txhawb nqa.
Analog sensors, uas yog siv hauv cov khoom siv kho mob ntse,Yuav siv tau los ua cov kev nkag mus rau cov cim xws li lub plawv dhia, thiab pom kom cov zis tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev noj qab haus huv, yog li cov neeg siv tau nkag siab lawv thawj zaug kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tawm dag zog.
Cov koob hmoov infrared feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov koob yees duab infrared, cheb hlau thiab lwm lub tsev ntse.
2 kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog ntse sensors
Ib qho tseeb tiag tiag sensor yuav tsum muaj cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
1) Kev ntsuas tus kheej, kev ntsuas tus kheej thiab kev them nyiaj tsis siv neeg;
2) Tsis siv neeg sau cov ntaub ntawv, kev txiav txim siab sau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm;
3) Kev hloov kho tus kheej thiab kev yoog raws tus kheej;
(4) ib qho degree ntawm cia, txheeb xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm ua;
5) Kev sib txuas lus ob-txoj kev sib txuas lus, cov digital tso zis lossis cov cim tso zis ua haujlwm;
(6) Kev txiav txim siab Algorithmic, kev txiav txim siab thiab ua haujlwm.
Cov hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov siv kub feem ntau, siab, inertial, biochemical thiab rfid sensors los qhia kev tshawb fawb cov kev kawm ntawm cov kev paub zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis.
2.1 Ntse Kub Sensors
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntsuas kub tau ploj mus los ntawm cov hauv qab noPeb theem: Qhov kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov ntsuas kub thiab cov ntsuas kub thiab cov ntsuas kub thiab muaj txiaj ntsig kub.
Mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, ntse kub thiab kev nyab xeeb, kev tsim kho ntawm monolithic Kub Ntsuas Ntsuas thiab lwm cov lus qhia ntawm kev loj hlob sai.
Cov ntsuas kub tam sim no muaj kub lub teeb meem, cim npe, lub cim ntsuas thiab suav nrog kev cim cia thiab nyeem nkaus xwb.
Ntse kub function kub tau cim los ntawm lub peev xwm los tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab yog raws li cov khoom siv kub los ntawm lub software kom ua tiav qhov kev xeem ntsuas kub, kev kawm txog kev txawj ntse nyob ntawm theem ntawm software kev txhim kho.
(1) Txhim kho qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab kev daws teeb meem
Thawj zaug tshaj plaws tau pib thaum nruab nrab -1990 s, Siv {8- ntsis a / d converter, nws ntsuas kub yog qhov tsawg, kev daws teeb meem tsuas ncav cuag 1 degree.
Tam sim no, txawv teb chaws tau pib ntau yam siab-precision, siv 9 ~-{4 4}}. 5 ~ {{6 }}. 625 degree. Los ntawm Asmeskas Dallas sandiconderor cormoration no tsim tshiab 1624-}}}}}}} {13}}. 03 degree , ntsuas ntsuas kub qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.2 degree.
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov hloov dua siab ntawm ntau-channel ntse kub sensor, muaj cov chips siv qib nrawm nrawm a / d converter. AD7817 Ntaus {3}} channel ntse, nws yog lub chaw taws teeb sib tham ntawm lub sijhawm 27 ms, 9 ms, feem.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ntsuas kub siab, qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim kev ua tau zoo digital realor, uas muaj kev txhim kho quartz remetment ononator raws li lub rooj loog tiv thaiv-programrable array, thiab Qhov rhiab ntawm lub sensor tuaj yeem ncav cuag tus naj npawb ntawm 10 -6 degree, uas yog, ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub daws teeb meem ntawm {{4 {}}. {{}} 01 Qib, Lub sijhawm teb, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas yog 0.01 degree.
(2) Kev Xeem Ua Haujlwm Txhim Kho
Tus tshiab ntse ntse kub sensor kev ntsuas ua haujlwm yog hloov tas li. Ntse kub funticent muaj ntau hom kev ua haujlwm los xaiv, suav nrog hom hloov pauv hloov, thiab qee tus kuj ntxiv qhov tsawg-kub txwv tsis pub nthuav dav hom.
Rau qee qhov ntse tshaj plaws, tus tswv tsev (sab nraud microprocessor lossis microcontroller) kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm nws tus lej, kev daws teeb meem thiab siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm.
Ntxiv rau, ntse kub siab yog tsim los ntawm tib channel rau ntau cov kev taw qhia zoo rau kev txhim kho cov kev ntsuas zoo thiab tswj cov txheej txheem.
(3) Kev ntsuas kev hloov kho thiab qauv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis
Tam sim no, tus ntse kub sensor npav thev naus laus zis kuj tau ua qauv, lub tsheb npav yog ib qho chaw tos npav, 1 lub npav 1, Tsheb npav SMI.
(4) Kev ntseeg tau thiab kev tsim kho kev nyab xeeb
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua kev txiav txim siab thaum tus tswj hwm qhov kub thiab txias, rau kev sib cuam tshuam nrog kub thiab txias rau kev teeb tsa tus lej ntsuas kub lub sab saud thiab qis. Kev cuam tshuam kev ua pov thawj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsuas yog thaum tus naj npawb ntawm kev ntsuas kub tshaj mus txog lub sijhawm ntawm cov sij hawm ntawm cov sijhawm, uas zam rau ntawm cov suab nrov ntawm cov sijhawm ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kub.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub nti vim tib neeg muaj cov sensostrostatic, feem ntau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, feem ntau tuaj yeem tiv taus 1 ~ 4 kV ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob.
Piv txwv li, TCN75 ntse sensor hais interface, cuam tshuam / sib piv cov teeb liab tau tawm thiab cov kev tawm tswv yim tuaj yeem tiv thaiv 1 kv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawm voltage. LM83 Muaj kev txawj ntse kub sensor tuaj yeem tiv taus 4 kV ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob.
2.2 Ntse Sensors
Ntse Heational Sensors yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov microprocess thiab lawv cov kev siv tau sib xyaw ua ke, yog li ua ke ntse siab thiab hybrid intensors siab thiab hybrid intensors siab.
Tsis-sib xyaw ntse lub siab yog cov ntse siab siab sensors, thiab cov paib hluav taws xob nrog cov roj ntsha microprocess nrog rau hauv ib qho system.
Qhov no tsis-sib xyaw ua ke lub siab sensor yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub siab sensor system nrog ib tus microprocessor ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev nrawm tshaj plaws thiab txhais tau hais tias kom paub lub tshuab ntse sensor system.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke siab lub siab yog ib qho kev sib xyaw monolithic ntawm cov txheej txheem monolithic kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov teeb meem hluav taws xob, thiab siv cov khoom ua ke ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm Txhawm rau ua kom cov ntsiab lus rhiab, cov paib teeb meem hluav taws xob, thiab cov microprocessor unights, thiab sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib nti.
Nrog kev txhim kho ceev ntawm microelectronics technology thiab cov ntawv thov ntawm micro-nanotechnology, muaj ntau cov txiaj ntsig, muaj ntau yam yooj yim, siv tau yooj yim thiab On.
Hybrid Cov Ntsej Tshaj Plaws Sensor yog raws li cov kev xav tau thiab cov kev sib txuas digital, hauv cov kev sib xyaw digital nyob rau hauv 2 ~ 3 daim tawv, thiab ntim rau hauv lub plhaub Cov.
Hybrid kev koom ua ke kom ua tiav kev txawj ntse yog ib txoj hauv kev ntse uas zoo rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse sensor system, lub microprocessor tau paub txog cov software tswj tau raws li cov program muab, hloov lub sensor los ntawm ib qho haujlwm rau ntau txoj haujlwm. Ntse siab cov sensors feem ntau muaj cov haujlwm yooj yim hauv qab no.
(1) cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm.Ntse ntse siab sensors tsis yog ntsuas cov ntsuas ntsuas, tab sis kuj raws li cov kev ntsuas ntsuas, tuaj yeem ntsuas tau, cia li them nyiaj tau thiab lwm yam.
(2) Tsis Siv Neeg Kho Mob Tsis Siv Neeg.Nov yog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev txawj ntse siab, muaj peev xwm kuaj pom ntawm nws cov txheej txheem kev ua txhaum, kev ntsuas tus kheej, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau paub txog kev kuaj mob ntawm qhov tsis ua tiav, qhov chaw nyob, thiab muab cov lus qhia ua haujlwm.
(3) software configuration.Ntse siab lub siab vim tias kev siv cov khoom tsim nyog, yog li tsis muaj cov khoom tsim nyog, kev cuam tshuam rau kev sib cuam tshuam, thiab lwm yam cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse sensor, muaj ntau multior kho vajtse thiab software teeb tsa kom tus neeg siv tau ua tiav kev ua tiav thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub sensor.
2.3 Ntse Ntse inertial sensors
Inertial sensors, cov ntsuas dav tshaj plaws, suav nrog cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, gyroscopes, thiab kev qhia txuj ci siab thev naus laus zis.
Niaj hnub no cov kev ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob (IMUS) tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov loj ntawm 10 hli x 10 hli ntawm tus nqi tsawg dua li ib daus las. Qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tau tuaj yeem siv rau smartphones thiab lwm yam kev saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam kev lom zem zoo li kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes taw thiab kev coj ua.