I. Kev Taw Qhia
Raws li ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam automation, Distributed Control System (DCS) tau pom kev siv dav dav thiab kev loj hlob sai txij li nws tau nthuav tawm xyoo 1975, ua tsaug rau nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev faib tswj, kev ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab, thiab kev tswj hwm hierarchical. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav muab kev tshawb nrhiav tob hauv - cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tswj hwm kev faib tawm, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev muab cov neeg nyeem kom nkag siab meej thiab dav.
II. Txhais thiab Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Distributed Control Systems
A Distributed Control System (DCS) yog ib qho tshiab -tsim kev ntsuas kev tswj hwm raws li microprocessors uas siv cov qauv tsim ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, kev ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Nws yog ntau-theem khoos phis tawj uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj hwm thiab qib kev soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem, txuas los ntawm kev sib txuas lus network, thiab koom ua ke "4C" thev naus laus zis: Computer, Kev Sib Txuas Lus, Zaub (CRT), thiab Tswj.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm DCS yog nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv ntawm decentralized tswj thiab centralized tswj. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim muaj ntau- theem tswj cov qauv los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, uas yog cov txheej txheem tswj theem, qib kev saib xyuas hauv nruab nrab, thiab qib tswj kev tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem tswj theem yog lub luag haujlwm ncaj qha rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm - qhov chaw, siv cov microprocessors faib thoob plaws hauv qhov chaw los sau, txheej txheem, thiab kho ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hauv lub sijhawm. Lub hauv paus saib xyuas theem yog lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj theem, thiab ua haujlwm siab - theem tswj thiab tswj. Kev tswj hwm qib kev npaj, teem sijhawm, thiab optimizes tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, ua tiav tag nrho optimization ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.
III. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Distributed Control Systems
Distributed Control: A DCS faib kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm thoob plaws ib tus neeg microprocessors, ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Qhov kev faib tswj txoj hauv kev no muab lub kaw lus nrog kev ntseeg siab dua thiab yoog raws; Txawm hais tias ib qho microprocessor tsis ua haujlwm, nws tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov system.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Nruab Nrab: Txawm hais tias kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm raug faib tawm, DCS txuas rau tus kheej microprocessors los ntawm kev sib txuas lus, ua kom muaj kev lag luam hauv nruab nrab thiab tswj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm yooj yim saib xyuas thiab tswj tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
Kev tswj hwm hierarchical: Los ntawm tsim kom muaj ntau- theem tswj cov qauv, DCS ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm hierarchical ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Txoj kev tswj xyuas no ua rau lub kaw lus hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, tso cai rau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab hloov kho raws li kev xav tau ntau yam.
Decentralized Autonomy thiab Integrated Coordination: Qhov ntau yam ntawm DCS yog ob leeg ywj siab ntawm ib leeg thiab kev sib koom tes, ua tiav ob qho tib si decentralized autonomy thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Qhov no ua rau lub kaw lus ruaj khov, txhim khu kev qha, thiab yoog raws.
Kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ruaj ntseg: DCS siv ntau yam kev ntsuas kev ntseeg siab, xws li kev tsim kho dua tshiab, kuaj xyuas qhov tsis raug, thiab rov qab los, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj ntseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, DCS txhawb cov yam ntxwv zoo li kub standby thiab rov tsim dua tshiab, ua kom nws hloov mus rau cov khoom siv thaub qab lossis cov tshuab ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv thaum cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm.
Openness thiab Scalability: Lub DCS ntiav ib tug qhib system architecture thiab txheem kev sib txuas lus raws tu qauv, muab zoo heev openness thiab scalability. Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom siv sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv software raws li xav tau kom ua tiav qhov kev hloov kho thiab nthuav dav.
IV. Kev siv thiab kev txhim kho ntawm Distributed Control Systems
Kev faib tawm tswj cov tshuab tau dav siv hauv petrochemical, fais fab, metallurgical, tshuaj, thiab dej kho kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam, thiab tau dhau los ua tus ncej tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam automation. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv thov, DCS systems tau hloov kho thiab txhim kho tas li. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm DCS tau raug txhim kho ntxiv, xws li los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev sib txuas lus hauv network; Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov Scope ntawm DCS daim ntawv thov txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, txuas mus rau thaj chaw xws li kev tsim khoom ntse thiab Kev Lag Luam Hauv Internet.
V. Xaus
Distributed Control Systems (DCS) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam automation vim lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, kev lag luam hauv nruab nrab, thiab kev tswj hwm hierarchical. Los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav hauv - qhov tob ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus thiab cov yam ntxwv, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab meej txog qhov zoo thiab tus nqi ntawm DCS. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev xav tau, DCS yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam automation thiab txaus siab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntau dua.