I. Kev qhia lus
Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam 4. 0 thiab ntse tsim, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm (ICS) tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nce ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib koom tes, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tau ntsib ntau dua thiab ntau dua kev hem thawj. Thaum ib qho kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tau tawm tsam, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj xws li cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv so, thiab txawm tias muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv tebchaws thiab cov kev nyiam rau pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab cov tswv yim muaj txiaj ntsig los soj ntsuam cov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab muab cov lus sib raug zoo.
Ii. Kev tsom xam ntawm qhov teeb meem tam sim no ntawm kev lag luam tswj kev ruaj ntseg
Dav tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsim
Kev tswj hwm cov tshuab tswj tau tsuas yog pom tias thaum pib ntawm tus qauv yog lub sijhawm tiag tiag, kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ruaj ntseg, thiab kev nyab xeeb yog feem ntau tsis quav ntsej. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg xws li kev pom zoo, kev tso cai, encryption, programming software, configuration software thiab kev siv nyiaj. Cov qauv tsim no ua rau kev lag luam tswj cov tshuab tshwj xeeb tsis yooj yim hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev tawm tsam sab nraud.
Hav zoov ntawm ntau cov kev cuam tshuam thiab backdoor
Raws li cov txheeb cais, cov naj npawb ntawm cov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuab tswj kev lag luam tau nce siab heev nyob rau hauv cov neeg muag khoom. Cov kev tiv thaiv no yuav tau siv los ntawm cov hackers mus tua cov tshuab tswj cov tshuab. In addition, due to the industrial control equipment mostly relies on foreign imports, these devices may be reserved "backdoor", the critical moment of production data theft, eavesdropping and even launch sabotage attacks.
Cov cuab yeej siv tes ua tsis meej pem, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg
Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev tsim khoom, ntau thiab ntau dua ntse sensors, cov khoom siv, cov tshuab thiab cov ntawv thov txuas nrog lub network hauv kev lag luam ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tuam txhab hauv cov txheej txheem tu niaj hnub, feem ntau tus kheej lub xov tooj, thiab lwm yam xov tooj ntawm tes tau txais kev sib raug zoo rau hauv internet), ua rau cov ciam teb xov tooj ntau dua thiab ntau dua fuzzy. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj qhov tsis muaj kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg lossis kev ruaj ntseg yog qhov nyuaj rau kev siv, muab lub sijhawm hackers coj kom zoo dua.
III. Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
Sab nraud tawm tsam
Hackers thiab malware tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov kev tswj kev lag luam hauv Is Taws Nem lossis lwm yam kev cuam tshuam network, siv cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg hauv cov kab ke lossis kev tawm tsam. Cov kev tawm tsam zoo li no yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv xau, kev cuam tshuam ntau lawm, ua rau muaj teeb meem loj heev rau kev ua lag luam.
Kev hem thawj sab hauv
Cov neeg ua haujlwm negligence, misbehave, lossis cov haujlwm phem kuj tseem yuav ua rau tsis ua haujlwm lossis kev ua txhaum kev nyab xeeb hauv kev siv tswj cov tshuab. Piv txwv li, cov neeg ua haujlwm tej zaum yuav xau cov password, tsis hloov software rau lub sijhawm, lossis siv cov cuab yeej ntawm tus kheej ua txhaum txoj cai.
Kev Tawm Tsam Lub Cev
Tus neeg siab phem tuaj yeem siv lub cev tsis zoo rau hauv kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, xws li lub cev ua kom puas lossis cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb. Xws li kev tawm tsam yuav ua rau tuag tes tuag taw ntawm cov kab ntau lawm lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv.
Muab Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Lub chaw muag khoom phem lossis cov tog thib peb tuaj yeem cog cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv lossis software ntawm kev tswj hwm kev lag luam los yog cov ntaub ntawv tub sab. Qhov kev tawm tsam no yog covert thiab nyuaj tiv thaiv.
IV. Kev Tsim Kho Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Sau thiab siv kev ruaj ntseg zoo
Cov lag luam yuav tsum tsim kho cov kev ruaj ntseg kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb lub tswv yim, suav nrog cov kev tsim txom, kev ruaj ntseg kev tsim kho, thiab kev ua kom ruaj ntseg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov tswv yim yog siv tau thiab saib xyuas.
Siv sijhawm tiag-sijhawm tshuaj xyuas thiab nkag mus kuaj
Siv kev soj ntsuam tiag tiag thiab Log Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Tswj Lub Tshuab Txom Nyem kom thiaj li nrhiav tau cov haujlwm txawv txav thiab muaj peev xwm kev hem thawj rau lub sijhawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom thiab teb rau cov haujlwm txawv txav hauv kev ua haujlwm raws sijhawm thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Kev Nkag nruj Kev Nkag Mus
Ua raws li kev tswj hwm nruj me ntsis, suav nrog kev lees paub, kev tso cai thiab tswj hwm txoj cai. Tsuas yog cov neeg siv tso cai tuaj yeem nkag mus thiab tswj cov kev lag luam tswj system. Ib qho ntxiv, cov neeg siv cov cai thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj cai yuav tsum tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas thiab hloov kho tsis tu ncua.
Ntxiv dag zog tshaj tawm kev sib cais network thiab kev tiv thaiv
Cais cais cov khoom lag luam tswj hwm los ntawm cov tuam txhab network los txo qhov tau ntawm kev tawm tsam network. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, firewals thiab intrusion nrhiav cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau siv ntawm Is Taws Nem nkag ntawm cov kev tswj hwm kev lag luam los tiv thaiv lub system los ntawm kev tawm tsam network.
Txhim Kho Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Kev cob qhia kev nyab xeeb ib txwm muaj rau cov thawj coj thiab cov tswj hwm kev lag luam tswj cov tshuab los txhim kho lawv txoj kev paub txog thiab muaj peev xwm teb tau rau kev ua kev phom sij. Ib qho ntxiv, txhawb cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm kom nquag tshaj tawm cov kev ua ub no txawv thiab muaj peev xwm kev hem thawj.
Txais cov thev naus laus zis tshiab los txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg
Siv cov tshuaj thev naus laus zis sib txawv ntawm cov kev tswj hwm kev lag luam thiab txo cov kev sib tw ntawm tus neeg tawm tsam tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem. At the same time, use encryption technology to protect the communication data of the industrial control system and prevent the data from being stolen or tampered with.
Ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv lub cev
Nruab lub cev kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cev xws li kev soj ntsuam cov koob yees duab, cov khoom siv tswb kom ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov chaw no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thiab tswj kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj.
V. Xaus
Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ua rau kev lag luam thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub teb chaws. Hauv kev pom ntawm cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb tam sim no thiab kev lag luam yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas thiab siv zog ua kom pom tseeb, txhim kho cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev ruaj ntseg, txhawb cov neeg ua haujlwm kev nyab xeeb, txais yuav cov thev naus laus zis tshiab Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv lub cev. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no xwb thiaj li tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam tswj cov tshuab thiab muab kev lees paub muaj zog rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam.