Cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm kev muaj tshuab ua ntsej muag sib tw. Khib mounting cov cuab yeej zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau nce loj thiab thermal txwv. Hauv cov khoom siv hnyav muaj kev nyab xeeb, qhov chaw uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum muaj cov kev tswj hwm nruj voltages, cov neeg siv khoom lag luam xav tau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm. Hauv Ntu 1 ntawm no ib feem series, peb yuav tshawb txog qhov tsis sib haum xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kev lag luam cuam tshuam nrog cov kev daws teeb meem.
Lub hauv paus rau phau ntawv
Kev tsim khoom hauv tshuab hluav taws xob nthuav tawm cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib zaj dab neeg ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb xav tau. Qhia cov nqi qis dua tus nqi qis dua rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj nuj nqis Cov kev cov nyom no tau sib xyaw los ntawm qhov xav tau los ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm hnyav rau cov av, av noo thiab kev co.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg yuav khoom xav kom txhim kho cov haujlwm hauv cov tiam tom ntej ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, txhua yam tsis muaj peev xwm nce kev siv zog, cov khoom siv loj thiab tus nqi. Cov kev txhim kho zoo li no feem ntau yog raws cov kev nce qib hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis feem ntau tuaj txog ntawm cov qib hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum tau nyob ruaj khov thaum tuaj tsawg dua - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov engineers tsis xav siv lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas tsis muaj cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab feem ntau suav tias yog cov pov tseg ntawm qhov chaw muaj nuj nqis. Hloov chaw, tus kws ua choj nyiam tsom rau tej yam uas tau piav meej nws qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw.
Cov khoom siv los ntawm cov neeg muaj kev sib cav los ntawm kev qhia txog cov haujlwm hauv lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb rau hauv ib lub cuab yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv tsim tsim los ntawm 12, 24, lossis 48VDC cov khoom siv tau siv los ntawm kev lag luam Automation los yog siv cov kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv cov voltage uas tus kab mob plague. Ob txoj kev daws teeb meem tshwm sim hauv qhov loj dua, ntau dua kim thiab muaj zog hluav taws xob - raws nraim li lub system engineers tab tom sim kom zam.
Daim ntawv thov daim ntawv thov no yog ib feem 1 ntawm peb ob feem series ntawm kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm. Ntawm no, peb sib tham txog kev muaj kev tswj hwm cov vaj tse thiab lub zog hluav taws xob vaj tswv uas ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb, kev sib tw tsim. Hauv Ntu 2 ntawm cov koob no, peb yuav tham txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tom ntej uas siv cov txheej txheem fabriciing tshiab ua ke nrog cov nti tsim tawm tshiab.
Muaj Kev Tswj Architecture
Thaum 24VDC tau dhau los ua tus de Feature Voltage rau cov kev siv hluav taws xob feem ntau (tshwj xeeb yog siv los ua cov roj teeb backup voltage xws li photovoltaic (PV) panels. Cov lus qhia tsis ntev los no ntawm lub zog dhau Ethernet (PoE) tau kuj tau txhawb cov tshuab luam ntawv tsim los ntawm 48VDC cov khoom tau teev tseg hauv tus qauv. Ib txwm muaj kev tswj hwm lub cev siv 24VDC fais fab mov yog qhia hauv daim duab 1.
Daim duab 1. Cov kev muaj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm.
Lub kaw lus muaj I / o tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm sensors lossis xa cov lus txib, ntau cov txheej txheem, thiab cov txheej txheem sib txuas lus (CPU) txuas ntawm lub npav digital.Qhov PLC feem ntau muab lub zog siv lub zog. Fais fab yog muab los ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, nqis mus rau 24VDC, thiab faib tawm los ntawm Backplane.
Kev saib kom ze rau ntawm lub kaw lus lub zog cuam tshuam cov nyom ntau dua vim yog cov qib sib txawv thiab qib tam sim no los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Daim duab 2 qhia ib feem me me ntawm lub zog architecture. Lub 120VAC / 230VAC cov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tau pib mus rau tus qauv 12vdc lossis 24vdc system backplane zog muab siv lub zog hluav taws xob. Ntawm qhov system theem, qhov backplane voltage yog txuas ntxiv mus rau cov qib voltage qis dua los ntawm cov tib neeg.
Daim duab 2. Ib feem ntawm lub hwj huam kos duab ntawm kev muaj kev siv tshuab automation.
Piv txwv li, ARC tuaj yeem muaj lub microprocessor, digital teeb liab processor (DSP), thiab Field-programmable Rooj Vag Array (FPGA). Cov cuab yeej siv no yuav tsum muaj lub voltage muaj 5v txog 1V. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho PLC yuav xav tau txog 3.5A ntawm tam sim no. Ib yam li ntawd, ntau tus channel analog i / o modules yuav tsum ± 15v thiab 5v siv rau ntau lub tshuab taws xob, an-digium-rau-digital-rau-diglexers (mulszers) nrog cov dej ntws mus txog 500mA.
Txhawm rau rhuav cov teeb meem, cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum txiav txim siab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau heev uas sib txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnyav uas sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv tshuab hluav taws xob. Voltage spikes kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv fais fab tuag nws tus kheej, thaum muaj hluav taws xob muab cov kauj ruam mus rau 12VdC lossis 24VDC, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov khoom siv hloov-hom.
Cov txheej txheem overvoltage muaj ntau heev uas cov koom haum xws li International Electrochemical Commission Commission (IEC) Pom zoo kom cov kws tsim khoom lag luam lawv lub siab. Piv txwv, IEC 60664, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib koom tes rwb thaiv tsev hauv kev lag luam tsis siv neeg) powered by Utility-Riverived 24VDC cov khoom siv yuav tsum yog tsim Txhawm rau tiv thaiv ntau txog li 60v.
DC-DC voltage kev cai
DC-DC Voltage Conversion (lossis "kev cai") yog kev lag luam loj, thiab cov neeg xa khoom loj, cov khoom lag luam muaj nqis peev ntau rau txhua cov ntawv thov. Cov khoom siv tau muab faib ua ob pawg: Tsawg Discrout Regulators (LDOs), tseem hu ua txoj kev tswj hwm txoj cai linulators; thiab hloov cov kev tswj hwm.
Thaum ua tib zoo phim rau cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv thov, hloov cov neeg tswj hwm feem ntau ua tau ntau dua qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau tshaj rau LDOs. Ib qho ntxiv, hloov cov regulators tuaj yeem yooj yim nce qib ("boost"), nqis qis ("buck"), thiab invert voltages. (Nco ntsoov tias qee qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau siv hluav taws xob. Hauv kev sib piv, LDOs tsuas yog nqis los ntawm voltages.
Hloov cov kev tswj hwm muaj ib qho tsis zoo ntawm kev yooj yim-rau-siv LDOs: Tus tsim ntawm cov regulator yog ntau dua. Qhov no yog vim tias kev tsim tawm lim dej yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom pom qhov hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no hloov los ntawm qhov siab hloov chaw ua haujlwm. Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov chips romips thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob hauv electromagnetic (EMI). Txawm hais tias qhov no, cov cav tsim tau ntau cov ntawv thov tam sim no nce kev nyiam hloov pauv.
Tus yuam sij rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv kev tswj hwm yog kev siv hlau oxide siciSonductor contistuction (Mosfets) raws li hloov khoom siv. Thaum cov Mosfet yog nyob rau, tam sim no ntws ob leeg mus rau lub nra thiab mus rau sab nraud inductor uas khaws lub zog. Thaum tus mosfet tig tawm, lub inductor muab nws lub zog khaws cia rau lub nra.
Mem tes dav hlau tes taws (PWM) feem ntau yog siv los tswj cov zis hluav taws xob. Qhov zaus muaj cov zaus tas mus li thiab cov mem tes dav ("rau-sijhawm") raug hloov kho kom muab voltage xav tau. Lub zog kub hloov ntawm cov kev txwv kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev poob qis hauv lub sijhawm thaum tswj cov hluav taws xob ruaj khov tawm ntawm ntau cov kev tawm tswv yim thiab cov khoom siv.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug asynchronous topology hloov chaw (Daim duab 3), lub zog khaws cia rau hauv lub nroog Mosfet thaum lub sijhawm Mosfet tawm ntawm lub nra. Hloov chaw, nws yog propagated los ntawm sab nraud scottky diode. Yog tias lub inductor yog xaiv raws li cov kev cia siab, hloov cov kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm yuav ua haujlwm hauv hom kev cerulting conduction condulition, yog li muab kev tswj hwm ruaj khov hluav taws xob.
Daim duab 3. Asynchronous Puck Regulator Circuit.
Qhov ntsuas qhov kawg ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ob qho tseem ceeb: rau pem hauv ntej Volottky diode Cov yam ntxwv tam sim no tam sim no ntawm lub cuab yeej. Hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov hluav taws xob pem hauv ntej yog nce qhov kev txwv ntawm 0. 3V. Qhov no tsis zoo li ntau, tab sis nws ua rau cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua thiab txo qis.
Hloov cov schottky difet txhim kho kev ua tau zoo vim hais tias qhov tsis kam siv cov tshuab hluav taws xob ua kom tiav (thiab poob) qis dua li qub diode. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm tus mosfets hauv Cirfulte yuav tsum yog synchronized kom ib qho kev coj ua thiab lwm tus tua.
Daim duab 4. Cov Khoom Siv Phaw Pick Stregulator Circuit.
Qhov thib ob Mosfet ntawm lub npe hu ua synchronous tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv module. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tshem tawm sab nraud schottky diode, qhov no yooj yimCov Qauv Circuitthiab txo cov nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (BOM).
Ib qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm synchronous regulator tsim yog tias vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm inductive los), tam sim no ntws hauv ob qho tib si kev qhia hauv inductor. Qhov no yog piv rau unidirectional ntws hauv hom asynchronous. Hauv synchronous regulators, cov poob feem ntau yog me me, tab sis tau loj dua ntawm cov khoom lag luam qis thaum cov khoom siv tau qis dua li cov hom sib npaug.
Cov neeg xa khoom loj semiconductor tau hais txog qhov kev ua tsis luv no siv ntau hom kev qhia. Piv txwv li,Qhov siabSib xyawtau qhia txog cov lus ntawmHigh-voltageSynchronous regulators, xws li MAX17503, nrog hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv peb cov kev xaiv ntawm Pululation (PFM) thiab hloov chaw ua haujlwm (DCM). DCM tseem tshem tawm rov qab inductor tam sim no los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qis thauj, tab sis tsis hla pulses. Qhov no ua rau DCM haum rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Lub ntsiab
High-voltage, high-outp-tam sim no synulators regulators ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv tshuab ua rau kev sib dhos, txuag tau yooj yim, thiab tsim tau yooj yim, thiab tsim tau yooj yim, thiab tsim tau yooj yim rau cov qauv hluav taws xob. Ntau yam tau ua rau muaj kev siv zog muaj teeb meem, tab sis high-voltonous synchronous cov vaj tse uas tau raws li txhua qhov kev xav tau tam sim no muaj. Thaum cov kev xaiv tam sim no ntawm cov khoom siv uas tsim nyog tau nthuav dav, nrog cov kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm ib ob peb txhiab milliamps rau ntau amps. Hauv Ntu 2, peb yuav tham txog qhov tshiab tshiab hauv cov relulators tshiab hauv synulators tau pab daws cov zog kev sib tw.