Hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua tau zoo dua qub, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas pom tias feem ntau ntawm cov kev yooj yim uas peb tau txais kev pom zoo tau ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem automated. Nrog tib neeg cov neeg ua haujlwm xav tau kev saib xyuas tsawg, cov tshuab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, ua haujlwm, thiab ua haujlwm hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj nrog ib leeg.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nce qib hauv kev lag luam automation, cov tshuab xws li SCADA tau koom ua ke nrog cov khoom xws li PLCs thiab HMIs txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom lag luam, yooj yim, thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb hauv cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai.
Niaj hnub no, ntau pua lub chaw tseem ceeb siv SCADA thiab PLC systems uas yuav luag txhua zaus muaj HMIs. Cov txheej txheem no yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum nws los txog rau kev tuav automation thiab kev tsim cov txheej txheem siab heev. Cov tshuab no tsuas yog txhim kho. Kev siv SCADA xav tias yuav loj hlob ze li ntawm 7 feem pua los ntawm 2024, nrog ntau thiab ntau tus neeg tsim khoom siv qhov kev ua tau zoo dua no.
Tab sis vim qee qhov ntawm cov tshuab no muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws thiab kev ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias lawv txawv li cas thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas rau koj qhov kev lag luam xav tau.
Kev tawg nrawm ntawm SCADA, HMIs thiab PLCs
SCADA systems yog tsim nyog rau kev lag luam automation functions. Zoo li cov khoos phis tawj, cov txheej txheem nyuaj no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, sau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj neeg pab ntau.
Supervisory Control thiab Data Acquisition Systems
Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Tswj Xyuas thiab Kev Tau Txais Cov Ntaub Ntawv, lossis SCADA, yog cov txheej txheem tswj kev siv hluav taws xob uas siv los ntawm ntau lub lag luam loj rau kev lag luam automation, xws li kev tsim khoom, kev tsim kho, thiab engineering chaw.
SCADA yog ob qhov system:
- PLC (Programmable Logic Control)
- RTU (Tswj Vaj Huam Sib Luag)
Feem ntau, SCADA tseem yuav muaj cov khoom sib cais hu ua HMI (Human Machine Interface). Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, SCADA yog ib qho system uas muaj ob qho tib si software thiab kho vajtse ntsiab rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem, kev sib cuam tshuam, thiab saib xyuas thiab txiav cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm PLCs thiab HMIs.
Tib neeg tshuab Interface
HMI yog tus neeg siv interface lossis dashboard uas tso cai rau tib neeg tus neeg teb xov tooj cuam tshuam nrog lub tshuab. HMIs tau siv thoob ntiaj teb hauv ntau yam thev naus laus zis, los ntawm smartphones mus rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob.
HMIs tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov software tshwj xeeb, tab sis yog siv rau tib neeg sib txuas lus nrog lub tshuab lossis khoom siv.HMIs feem ntau yog siv los pab cov neeg siv nkag siab thiab tswj cov ntaub ntawv nrog ntiv tes kov los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, piv txwv li:
- npo (TV, computer lossis movie)
- Khawm
- Levers
- Computer nas
- Keyboard
SCADA tshuab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj HMI, txawm hais tias HMI feem ntau pom zoo. kom cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem nkag siab txog kev sib txuas lus nrog lub kaw lus thiab tau txais kev ceeb toom ntawm txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau daws.
Programmable Controllers
Programmable logic controllers feem ntau piav raws li microcomputers uas tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog cov khoom sib txawv, tshuab thiab tshuab. Lawv tau tsim los tswj thiab daws teeb meem kev sib txuas, uas yog vim li cas lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm SCADA.
Lub kaw lus yooj yim rau kev siv cov tshuab thaum tseem muab cov haujlwm tsim nyog thiab siv rau txhua qhov xwm txheej uas tib neeg xav tau rau kev tswj hwm kev ntseeg siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog ib feem ntawm kev lag luam automation, uas tsis muaj SCADA system ua haujlwm tsis tau.
Qee qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm PLCs hauv SCADA suav nrog:
- Robotics
- sib dhos kab
- Cov txee
- Kev ntsuas
- Kev suav
- Sensors
- Lub cev muaj zog
- Teeb
- Kiv cua
- Circuit Breaker
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Industrial Automation
Kev lag luam automation yog kev siv ntau lub tshuab tswj los khiav cov tshuab thiab khoom siv. Qhov no sib txawv ntawm ntau hom kev lag luam, xws li cov chaw tsim khoom thiab kev tswj xyuas cov tsev, kev thauj mus los, thiab kev sib txuas lus.
Cov txheej txheem no muaj zog heev thiab siv cov khoos phis tawj thiab tshuab ua haujlwm tsis yog tib neeg, nrog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsawg heev. Yog li ntawd, qee qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob muaj xws li:
- Kev tsim khoom ntau ntxiv vim tias cov tshuab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua
- Txhim kho cov khoom zoo los ntawm kev tsim cov nqi tib yam txhua lub sijhawm
- Txo cov nqi zog los ntawm kev hloov cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuab
- Txo cov kev soj ntsuam niaj hnub los ntawm kev muaj PLCs thiab HMIs ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv tandem
- Txhim kho kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev coj cov neeg ua haujlwm tawm ntawm qhov chaw muaj kev phom sij
Thaum nws los txog rau nws, automation yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb nrog kev cuam tshuam tsawg kawg ntawm tib neeg. Txawm hais tias siv ntau hom, hom no tau siv los ntawm tib neeg rau ntau pua xyoo.
Keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Automation
Txawm hais tias Ford Motor Company tau tsim lub sijhawm "automation" hauv xyoo 1948, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau Egypt thaum ub. Qhov tseeb, ib qho ntawm thawj cov tswv yim tswj kev tswj hwm hnub rov qab mus rau 270 BC!
Ob peb xyoo tom ntej no, noob neej tau tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ua kom yooj yim dua. Nrog rau kev sau qoob loo ntawm cov zaub mov, kev tsim vaj tsev, thiab kev qhia txog Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam, muaj ntau pua txoj hauv kev los ua kom lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig. Thoob plaws xyoo 1800, tib neeg tau ntsib thawj lub tshuab ua haujlwm, xws li cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cav, thiab ntsuas kub.
Raws li lub sij hawm dhia mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, tib neeg ua hnyav siv hluav taws xob thiab kev lag luam automation yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias. Kev lag luam automation yog me ntsis nyuaj dua li cov neeg automation tau paub ntau xyoo; nws yog kev tswj hwm thiab siv ntau lub tshuab los khiav cov khoom siv xws li tshuab.
Niaj hnub no, muaj kev xav tau ntau rau cov khoom, cov khoom siv, thiab cov khoom tsim nyog xws li kev thauj mus los thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob. Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau no yog siv kev lag luam automation. Cov txheej txheem ua tiav no pab tswj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub neej thiab cov no yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem zoo xws li SCADA, PLC thiab HMI.
SCADA, HMI thiab PLC ua haujlwm li cas hauv kev lag luam automation?
Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam kev siv technology kom ua raws li. Yog li thaum nws yuav ua suab nrov kom nkag siab raws nraim li cas cov txheej txheem nyuaj xws li SCADA ua haujlwm, nws yog cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim. Nco ntsoov, SCADA systems yog tsim los rau:
- Automate cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem
- Taug qab thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhov yuam kev
- Ua tej thaj chaw deb saib xyuas
- Ua kom cov khoom tsim tau thiab ua kom cov khoom zoo tib yam
Tab sis ua li cas SCADA, PLCs thiab HMIs ua haujlwm ua ke?
SCADA tau nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws raws li cov ntaub ntawv hauv nruab nrab uas khaws thiab tswj tag nrho cov haujlwm. Qhov no sib txuas lus nrog PLC, uas yog li cas lub kaw lus khiav thiab sib txuas lus hauv ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm. Yog tias muaj HMI, nws yuav yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub vijtsam, khawm, khawm, lossis cov keyboard uas tso cai rau tib neeg los cuam tshuam nrog SCADA-PLC system. Qee qhov piv txwv suav nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm, khoos phis tawj, thiab tsheb.
Hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam, HMI tseem ceeb heev rau kev muab cov ntaub ntawv rau tus neeg teb xov tooj.Lub PLC system txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem hauv SCADA thiab nthuav tawm rau tus neeg teb xov tooj los ntawm HMI kom daws tau qhov teeb meem.
Manufacturing Facilities
Muaj ntau qhov kev lag luam suav tsis txheeb uas siv cov tshuab automated, tab sis qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog:
- Khoom noj khoom haus, xws li tsiaj txhu, nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub khaws cia thiab ntim khoom
- Cov dej haus thiab haus luam yeeb, xws li dej fwj, dej qab zib, cawv, luam yeeb thiab cigars
- Textiles, xws li khaub ncaws, ntaub pua chaw pw, phuam da dej, thiab draperies
- Cov khoom siv ntoo, xws li ntoo, plywood, veneer, flooring thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev
Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los hais tias cov khoom lag luam xav tau thoob plaws ntiaj teb, uas nyob rau hauv lem txhais tau hais tias qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom tsim tau siab dua puas tau. Txhawm rau pab ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau no, cov chaw tsim khoom tau tig mus rau kev lag luam automation systems, uas pab txhawb kev tsim khoom thiab tsim cov khoom zoo.
Hluav taws xob tiam
Nrog rau qhov nce tsis tu ncua ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, muaj kev thov siab rau kev tsim hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias cov chaw no yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm manually, ntau cov zis tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsaug rau cov tshuab ua haujlwm xws li SCADA.
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab khw muag khoom
Yog tias koj tau mus rau McDonald lub tsev noj mov ceev ceev tsis ntev los no, ces tej zaum koj tau pom qhov tshiab tshaj plaws ntxiv rau lawv lub khw: qhov kev txiav txim kiosk. Nrog rau qhov no automated touchscreen ordering system, productivity tau nce, uas txhais tau hais tias tsawg tos lub sij hawm rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab ntau lub sij hawm rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm tsom rau lawv cov hauj lwm.
Tab sis McDonald's tsis yog tib lub tuam txhab uas siv cov tshuab automated. Hauv ib lub tsev noj mov lossis khw muag khoom noj, koj tuaj yeem pom cov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuab no, piv txwv li:
- Conveyor siv tshuab
- Kev yuav khoom hauv online
- Self-checkout tshuab
- Drone kev xa khoom
Lwm qhov piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm SCADA system hauv khw muag khoom yog kev siv nyiaj hauv tuam txhab. Ua tsaug rau ATMs, tib neeg tuaj yeem rho nyiaj los ntawm lawv cov nyiaj tshev txhua lub sijhawm. Cov tshuab no siv SCADA, PLCs thiab HMIs ua haujlwm ua ke.
Kev mus ncig thiab kev thauj mus los
Cov neeg khiav dej num vam khom ntau rau cov tshuab automated thaum tswj thiab saib xyuas cov txheej txheem kev thauj mus los, piv txwv li:
- dav hlau
- huab cua tswj
- Steering nkoj
- tsheb ciav hlau
- Mechanical diversions
- GPS trackers thiab cov khoom siv
- Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem ntawm Kev Sib Tw
Tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav siv HMI, uas tuaj yeem ua ke ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, levers, nyees khawm thiab cov keyboards.
Xaus
Kev lag luam automation yog hloov txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb. Ntau dua li yav dhau los, cov tshuab muaj peev xwm tswj tau thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv kom muaj txiaj ntsig, txo cov nqi zog, thiab txo cov tib neeg kev sib cuam tshuam kom cov khoom tsim tau zoo ib yam.