I. Kev Taw Qhia
Nrog kev nce qib txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam automation thev naus laus zis, programmable logic controllers (PLCs) ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Ua tsaug rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb-xws li programmability, kev ntseeg siab, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, kev sib txuas lus yooj yim, thiab scalability -PLCs tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam automation. Kab lus no yuav muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog PLCs los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab cov ntawv thov, txhawm rau muab cov neeg nyeem kom paub meej thiab hauv - nkag siab tob.
II. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Programmable Logic Controllers
Programmability
Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm PLC yog nws qhov programmability. PLCs siv cov txheej txheem tswj kev tswj hwm, tso cai rau cov neeg siv los tsim lawv raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb los siv ntau yam kev tswj xyuas thiab kev ua haujlwm. Piv rau ib txwm nyuaj-wired circuit control systems, PLCs muab kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua thiab hloov tau. Txawm hais tias nws koom nrog kev tswj xyuas yooj yim lossis kev siv cov txheej txheem nyuaj, PLCs tuaj yeem ua tiav cov haujlwm no yooj yim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Kev ntseeg siab
Kev ntseeg siab ntawm PLCs yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau lawv txoj kev txais yuav dav. PLCs muaj cov qauv tsim qauv nrog tus kheej- kuaj mob thiab tus kheej- muaj peev xwm kho tau, ua kom muaj tseeb- lub sijhawm saib xyuas lawv tus kheej thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, PLCs muaj kev rov ua dua tshiab; Yog hais tias ib tug module ua tsis tau, lub kaw lus cia li hloov mus rau ib tug thaub qab module, kom ntseeg tau cov kev nruam ntau lawm kab khiav hauj lwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, PLCs siv kev lag luam- qib, txhim khu kev qha kho vajtse thiab software tsim, tso cai rau lawv ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw muaj kev lag luam hnyav.
Muaj peev xwm siv computer muaj peev xwm
PLCs sib xyaw ua ke cov txheej txheem muaj zog thiab loj - lub cim xeeb muaj peev xwm, ua rau lawv tswj cov kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntau. Qhov no tso cai rau PLCs ua haujlwm ntau lub tswv yim tawm tswv yim ib txhij thiab ua cov haujlwm sib raug zoo raws li cov cai tau teev tseg. Txawm hais tias nws cuam tshuam nrog kev tswj hwm digital yooj yim lossis kev tswj hwm analog, PLC tuaj yeem tswj tau yooj yim.
Kev sib txuas lus yooj yim interface
PLCs tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog lwm yam khoom siv, xws li sensors, actuators, thiab host computers, sib pauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab xa cov lus tswj hwm ntawm ntau yam kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus. Qhov no tso cai rau PLCs koom ua ke thiab sib txuas lus yooj yim nrog ntau hom khoom siv. Txawm hais tias siv fieldbus, Ethernet, lossis txoj kev sib txuas lus wireless, PLCs muaj ntau hom kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus.
Scalability
PLCs muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, tso cai rau cov neeg siv nthuav dav thiab hloov kho lawv raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag. Tshiab modules thiab interfaces tuaj yeem muab ntxiv kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom. Qhov no ua rau PLCs muaj kev ruaj ntseg automation daws teeb meem. Txawm hais tias ntxiv cov kev tswj hwm tshiab lossis txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, PLCs tuaj yeem ua tiav cov hom phiaj no yooj yim.
III. Daim ntawv thov ntawm Programmable Logic Controllers
Digital Logic Control
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab dav siv ntawm PLCs yog kev tswj cov logic digital. Nws hloov cov kab hluav taws xob ib txwm siv los siv cov kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm raws li txoj cai, thiab tuaj yeem siv los tswj cov tshuab ib leeg, pab pawg ntawm cov tshuab, thiab cov kab ntau lawm. Piv txwv suav nrog cov tshuab txhaj tshuaj molding, luam ntawv xovxwm, tshuab stapling, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab ua ke, sib tsoo tshuab, ntim cov kab ntau lawm, thiab cov kab electroplating. Hauv cov ntawv thov no, PLCs siv cov programming los siv ntau yam kev tswj xyuas kev nyuaj, ua kom cov khoom siv ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj thiab kev tsim khoom tas mus li ntawm txoj kab.
Analog Control
Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, muaj ntau qhov sib txawv tsis tu ncua, xws li kub, siab, ntws tus nqi, qib kua, thiab ceev, uas yog tag nrho cov analogues. Txhawm rau ua kom lub programmable maub los ua cov khoom lag luam analog, A / D (analog- rau -digital) thiab D / A (digital-rau-analog) kev hloov pauv yuav tsum tau ua. PLC manufacturers tsim tau A / D thiab D / A hloov dua siab tshiab modules, cia programmable controllers siv rau analog tswj. Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam xws li tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, PLCs siv cov kev tswj hwm analog los tswj cov ntsuas tsis zoo xws li qhov kub thiab txias, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab cov khoom zoo.
Motion Control
PLCs tuaj yeem siv los tswj ob lub voj voog thiab kab tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tswj system configuration, thaum ntxov systems ncaj qha mus rau txoj hauj lwm sensors thiab actuators ntawm digital I / O modules; Niaj hnub no, kev siv zog tswj kev tswj hwm modules feem ntau yog siv. Cov no suav nrog ib qho -axis lossis ntau-axis txoj hauj lwm tswj modules muaj peev xwm tsav stepper motors lossis servo motors. Hauv kev siv xws li tshuab, tshuab cuab yeej, neeg hlau, thiab elevators, PLCs siv kev tswj xyuas kom ua tiav cov cuab yeej tswj tau zoo, yog li txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab cov khoom zoo.
Txheej txheem tswj
Cov txheej txheem tswj yog hais txog kaw - voj tswj ntawm cov sib txawv analogues xws li kub, siab, thiab ntws tus nqi. Raws li kev lag luam tswj cov khoos phis tawj, PLCs tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam kev tswj hwm algorithms kom kaw - voj tswj. PID tswj yog ib txoj hauv kev siv dav dav hauv kev kaw - voj tswj tshuab. Loj thiab nruab nrab- PLCs loj tag nrho muaj PID modules, thiab tam sim no, ntau PLCs me me kuj muaj cov haujlwm no. Kev ua PID feem ntau suav nrog kev khiav haujlwm PID kev ua haujlwm siab. Hauv kev siv xws li metallurgy, tshuaj ua haujlwm, kev kho cua sov, thiab kev tswj boiler, PLCs siv cov txheej txheem tswj kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, ua kom cov khoom zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntau lawm.
Kev ua cov ntaub ntawv
Cov PLC niaj hnub no muaj cov haujlwm xws li kev ua lej (xws li kev ua haujlwm matrix, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo), xa cov ntaub ntawv, hloov cov ntaub ntawv, txheeb xyuas, rooj saib, thiab kev siv me ntsis, ua kom tau cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshuaj xyuas, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig siv khaws cia hauv lub cim xeeb los ua cov haujlwm tswj tshwj xeeb, lossis nws tuaj yeem xa mus rau lwm cov khoom siv ntse ntawm kev sib txuas lus, lossis luam tawm rau hauv cov rooj. Hauv loj -txheej txheem tswj, xws li unmanned saj zawg zog manufacturing systems, PLCs ua tau zoo tswj thiab tswj tag nrho cov system los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua.
IV. Xaus
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, programmable logic controllers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam automation vim lawv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo thiab ntau yam kev siv. Nrog kev nce qib thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv thiab nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw thov, PLCs yuav txuas ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam automation, tsav txoj kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua thiab kev nce qib ntawm kev lag luam automation technology.