1 Kev Taw Qhia
Muaj hluav taws xob automation feem ntau encompasses hluav taws xob automation instrumentation thiab automation tswj technology. Daim ntawv no tsom mus rau kev ntsuam xyuas qib ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation los ntawm ob yam tseem ceeb: kev sau cov ntaub ntawv hauv kab ke thiab kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.
Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm qhov system muab cov duab meej ntawm txhua lub lag luam kev ua haujlwm. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug siv rau kev siv automation tswj technologies thiab tsim ib tug ruaj khov theoretical foundation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntau lawm qhov twg txhim khu kev qha ceev faj tseem ceeb heev. Qhov no tsim nyog tias cov tuam txhab siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no muab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim khoom siv zog.
Hais txog kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, ntsuas ntsuas thiab kev sib txuas lus cov ntaub ntawv automated thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom lag luam muaj qhov sib xws tseem ceeb. Ob leeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw tswj xyuas. Kev siv cov tshuab hauv hluav taws xob automation instrumentation thiab automation tswj thev naus laus zis ua tau raws li cov qauv tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas thiab tu lub sijhawm tiag tiag. Cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub sau thiab ua cov haujlwm, ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke tsis zoo hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab txhim kho kev tsim khoom [1-6].
2 Automation Instrumentation Technology
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation cov cuab yeej tam sim no tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab ua kom cov khoom zoo. Thaum tham txog cov ncauj lus no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob automation- siab - siv thev naus laus zis ntawm PC thiab hluav taws xob technologies. Los ntawm kev teeb tsa cov teeb meem cuam tshuam, nws ua rau kev ua tiav sai ntawm cov hom phiaj kev lag luam automation ntau lawm.
Thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tau txhim kho tau zoo, nthuav tawm ntau txoj kev txhim kho sib txawv -ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nce qib tam sim no hauv kev ntsuas. Hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis, kev txhim kho kev tswj hwm kev ua tau zoo yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua ntej hauv Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam niaj hnub. Feem ntau, daim ntawv thov ntawm hluav taws xob automation technology muaj plaub yam tseem ceeb: system integration technology, ntse technology, human-machine interface technology, thiab sensing technology.
(1) System Integration Technology. Kev sib koom ua ke sawv cev rau kev siv thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv kev siv hluav taws xob automation. Nws tsom mus rau yam xws li kev sib txuas lus modules, kev tshuaj xyuas qhov system, thiab kev teeb tsa lub cev txheej hauv kev tsim qauv, yog li ua kom zoo dua qub - lub sijhawm saib xyuas cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib koom ua ke thev naus laus zis feem ntau yog tsim los rau loj- nplai kev lag luam ntau lawm. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov qauv kev lag luam sai sai, txo cov nqi tsim khoom lag luam, thiab siv zog ua kom tiav cov hom phiaj kev lag luam niaj hnub ntawm kev lag luam.
(2) Intelligent Technology. Kev txawj ntse hauv kev siv hluav taws xob automation yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntse. Nws qhov kev siv hauv hluav taws xob automation tsis tsuas yog ua tiav ultra- kev ua haujlwm siab, tab sis kuj pab txhawb kev koom ua ke ntawm kev lag luam instrumentation nrog computer technology. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv cov cuab yeej tswj kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog raws li cov xwm txheej tiag tiag thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
(3) Tib neeg-Machine Interface (HMI) Kev Sib Txuas Lus Technology. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation yuav tsum ua qhov tseem ceeb tsim cov txheej txheem HMI kev sib cuam tshuam. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum ua cov qauv kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Kev hloov kho kom zoo yuav tsum muaj kev teeb tsa HMI kom raug. Tom qab cov neeg teb xov tooj teeb tsa cov lus txib, cov no raug xa mus los ntawm circuits kom ua tiav cov khoom siv tswj hwm, thaum kawg ua tiav cov hom phiaj tsim khoom.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau pab txhawb kev hloov kho yav tom ntej thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm HMI, kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb uas xav tau qhov tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation instrumentation technology.
(4) Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Technology. Lub tshuab sensor tam sim no tau siv dav hauv kev tshawb pom, muab cov ntaub ntawv raug. Sensors ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas kev tsim khoom thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav kev lag luam automation.
3 Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm
(1) Ua raws li kev soj ntsuam kev sib koom ua ke. Centralized saib xyuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation technology. Thaum lub sij hawm saib xyuas, ntau yam kev ua haujlwm tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub hauv paus processor rau kev tshawb fawb thiab ua tau zoo. Txawm hais tias kev ua cov ntaub ntawv no yuav siv sij hawm- siv, kev sib koom tes zoo nrog cov cuab yeej saib xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov tab sis kuj txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub thiab txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo.
(2) Tej thaj chaw deb tiag -Tsev Sij Hawm. Cov kev saib xyuas tej thaj chaw deb siv cov kev sib txuas wireless kom pab tau tiag tiag - lub sijhawm saib xyuas ntawm cov khoos phis tawj nyob deb, tshem tawm thaj chaw txwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Txoj kev no ua rau kom muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus network ntawm cov khoos phis tawj. Tsis pub dhau lub wireless network architecture, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem sau tau zoo dua thiab saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ib puag ncig, ua rau kev ua tiav ntau dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm wireless network, kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom tsim nyog raws li kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.
4 Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tswj Xyuas Txoj Cai
(1) Kev Paub Theoretical Kev Paub Scope. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation systems, qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab automation, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho thiab kev siv tshuab computer tag nrho. Rau kev lag luam kev lag luam kom vam meej, kev ua tiav ntawm hluav taws xob automation yuav tsum muaj kev koom ua ke nrog lub computer-pab thev naus laus zis. Qhov no yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj ib qho kev paub dav dav thiab siv zog ntau dua kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws xob thev naus laus zis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog txhim kho kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov theoretical kev paub txog hluav taws xob tab sis kuj tseem yuav ntxiv dag zog rau kev siv tshuab computer dav dav, kom ntseeg tau tias cov qauv tsim kev xav tau ua tiav nrog cov qauv tsim. Raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev txhim kho tam sim no, cov qauv tsim yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov kev xav tau thaum muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho tshiab rau kev ua haujlwm theoretical kev paub. Qhov no txhim kho cov qauv kev paub sab hauv ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, txhawb kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab nce qib ntawm kev paub theoretical.
(2) Kev siv tshwj xeeb ntawm Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Automation Technology. Automation instrumentation technology feem ntau yog siv los ntawm embedded thiab networked systems. ① Embedded: Feem ntau suav nrog cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej embedded hauv hluav taws xob automation systems. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim ua hauj lwm, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau CPU expansion los txhim kho qhov system functionality comprehensively. Cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm los daws cov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem kev lag luam automation. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev xav txog kev tsim cov chips yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib txuas lus los xyuas kom meej tias nws ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj. ② Networked: Qhov no yog lub hauv paus rau kev xa thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog rau kev sib txuas lus thiab cov ntawv nyeem raws tu qauv. Kev siv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob automation instrumentation technology yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej siv network los tswj kev tsim khoom lag luam, siv zog los txhim kho kev tsim khoom lag luam.
(3) Kev koom ua ke ntawm kev tswj xyuas niaj hnub nrog cov cuab yeej ntse tswj. Kev tswj hwm ntse ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg thaum lub tshuab tsis xav tau kev cuam tshuam tib neeg. Nws lub hom phiaj hauv automation instrumentation yog cia li sau, khaws cia, thiab txheej txheem cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no ua haujlwm los ntawm cov tswj kev txawj ntse, kev sib koom ua ke sensors thiab cov thev naus laus zis hluav taws xob nyob hauv cov cuab yeej ntse. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, lub peev xwm no yuav sib koom ua ke kev txawj ntse nrog cov txheej txheem tswj niaj hnub, ua kom muaj kev lag luam automation thiab ua tiav cov peev txheej ntawm cov programmable controllers thiab cov ntaub ntawv tswj cov tshuab.
(4) Txhim khu kev ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob. Nrog rau kev siv dav dav ntawm hluav taws xob automation technology, instrumentation plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv ntse, thiab cov ntawv thov ntse software yuav tsum tau sib koom ua ke thaum nthuav dav kev ntsuas. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm sai thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob, ntau lub network algorithms yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov system ntse algorithms. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev siv cov fuzzy logic algorithms, leveraging cov yam ntxwv ntawm processors thiab controllers, thiab integrating txhua tus kheej ywj siab automated instrumentation system, kev txiav txim siab zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau los ntawm kev debugging functions, analytical xam, thiab tswj cov lus teb ntawm system- ntawm -chip (SoC.
5 Kev xaus
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation instrumentation sawv cev rau cov thev naus laus zis nyuaj uas suav nrog ntau yam kev qhuab qhia. Nws yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua qub thiab ua kom zoo dua qub raws li nws daim ntawv thov scenarios los txhim kho hluav taws xob automation tswj qib, ua kom muaj tseeb - lub sijhawm saib xyuas cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lag luam, daws sai sai ntawm - qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw, txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev lag luam kev lag luam, thiab txhawb kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob automation tswj tshuab.